In addressing the global challenges of climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental pollution, biochar from biomass and waste stands out. Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through a pyrolysis process. Biomass pyrolysis equipment can process agricultural residues, forestry waste, and even municipal sludge, transforming these burdens into "black gold."
Biochar from Biomass and Waste can be used with a variety of raw materials.
Biomass is heated in an oxygen-free or low-oxygen environment under controlled conditions (temperatures between 300-800°C) to induce reactions in its organic components. The biochar production process consists of three key stages: thermal decomposition, carbonization, and polymerization.
Drying stage (100-200°C): Free and bound water in the biomass evaporates. The moisture content of the material drops from an initial 60%-70% to below 10%, paving the way for subsequent reactions.
Pyrolysis stage (200-500°C): Hemicellulose decomposes first, producing volatile organic compounds such as methanol and acetic acid. Subsequently, cellulose and lignin gradually break down, producing combustible gases such as hydrogen and methane.
Carbonization stage (500-800°C): The remaining solid residue undergoes aromatization to form a porous carbon material, known as biochar. This process also releases small amounts of tar and non-condensable gases.
Compared to traditional biomass waste treatment methods, pyrolysis carbonization technology offers significant environmental and economic benefits.
Zero emissions: The entire process is carried out in a closed reactor, where volatile gases are collected and utilized, resulting in zero smoke and harmful emissions. Biochar, when returned to the field, absorbs heavy metals (such as cadmium and lead) and pesticide residues from the soil, reducing non-point source pollution.
High resource utilization: Achieves a "one-to-three" resource conversion. Biomass can simultaneously produce biochar, syngas, and biotar, leaving no residual waste.
Energy recycling: The syngas generated during the pyrolysis process (calorific value approximately 16-18 MJ/m³) can be directly used to heat the reactor, meeting over 70% of the process's energy needs. Excess gas can be used for power generation or heating, achieving energy self-sufficiency.
